Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg was a German statesman who served as chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917, including during the First World War.

Wilhelm II: Wilhelm II was German emperor from 1888 until the monarchy's collapse in 1918. The emperor appointed Bethmann Hollweg chancellor and remained his formal superior.
Bosnian Crisis: The Bosnian Crisis was the 1908–1909 confrontation over Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bethmann Hollweg entered office just after Germany supported Austria-Hungary through the crisis.
German Empire: The German Empire was a federal monarchy that existed from 1871 to 1918. Its constitution and institutions defined the chancellor's formal powers and political constraints.
Bernhard von Bülow: Bernhard von Bülow was German chancellor from 1900 to 1909, immediately before Bethmann Hollweg. Bülow's more assertive Weltpolitik differed from Bethmann Hollweg's preference for diplomatic accommodation.
Helmuth von Moltke the Younger: Helmuth von Moltke the Younger was chief of the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914. Moltke's military planning and crisis decisions constrained the chancellor's diplomacy in 1914.
Agadir Crisis: The Agadir Crisis was a 1911 confrontation between France and Germany over Morocco. Bethmann Hollweg's government used a show of force in Morocco but accepted a diplomatic settlement.
Imperial German Constitution: The Imperial German Constitution established the federal monarchy and institutions of the German Empire. It made the chancellor responsible to the emperor rather than the Reichstag.
Erich Ludendorff: Erich Ludendorff was a German general who became a leading military dictator during the later First World War. Ludendorff pressed for unrestricted submarine warfare and military control, positions Bethmann Hollweg resisted.
Erich von Falkenhayn: Erich von Falkenhayn was a German general who led the army's General Staff from 1914 to 1916. Falkenhayn succeeded Moltke and clashed with Bethmann Hollweg over wartime strategy.
July Crisis: The July Crisis was the diplomatic and military escalation that led to the First World War in 1914. Bethmann Hollweg's decisions during this crisis helped turn the Austro-Serbian conflict into a European war.

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