Theophanes the Confessor

Theophanes the Confessor was a Byzantine monk and chronicler whose Chronicle narrates events from the reign of Diocletian to 813. His work is a major source for Byzantine history, especially the eighth century.

Byzantine Empire: The medieval continuation of the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople and lasting until 1453. The empire whose rulers, wars, and religious disputes structure Theophanes’s account.
Chronicle of Theophanes: A Byzantine historical chronicle covering events from 284 to 813, compiled by Theophanes the Confessor. This is the work through which Theophanes’s historical account survives.
Theophanes of Sigriane: The Byzantine monk and chronicler also known as Theophanes the Confessor, associated with the monastery of Sigriane. This name identifies Theophanes through his monastic home and distinguishes his historical identity.
George Syncellus: A Byzantine monk and chronographer whose universal history ends in the early ninth century. Theophanes continued the chronological history begun by George Syncellus.
Chronicon Paschale: An anonymous Byzantine chronicle covering world history from creation to the early seventh century. It offers an earlier model of Byzantine chronicle writing than Theophanes’s work.
Byzantine historiography: The writing and study of historical works produced in the Byzantine Empire. Theophanes’s Chronicle belongs to a tradition that combined chronology, political history, and Christian interpretation.
Theophilus of Edessa: An eighth-century Syriac Christian scholar and astrologer whose historical work survives only through later authors. Theophanes appears to have drawn on historical material associated with this lost chronicle.
Michael the Syncellus: A Jerusalem-born monk and church official who became a leading figure in Byzantine religious politics. Michael was Theophanes’s associate and encouraged him to undertake the Chronicle.
Patriarch Tarasios of Constantinople: The patriarch of Constantinople from 784 to 806, prominent in the restoration of icon veneration. Theophanes’s account covers Tarasios’s leadership during the restoration of icons.
John Malalas: A sixth-century Greek chronicler whose universal history became widely influential in Byzantium. Malalas represents an earlier, more narrative style of Greek universal chronicle.

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