Knowra Thiamine Thiamine Thiamine, or vitamin B₁, is an essential water-soluble vitamin. Its active form helps enzymes process carbohydrates and amino acids and supports normal nerve function.
Thiamine pyrophosphate : The active coenzyme form of thiamine, also called thiamine diphosphate, used by several metabolic enzymes. This is the form cells make from thiamine before using it in key reactions.
Thiamine deficiency : A state in which the body lacks enough thiamine to meet its metabolic needs. It interrupts thiamine-dependent reactions and underlies the disorders associated with inadequate intake or absorption.
Thiamine transporter 1 : A membrane protein, encoded by SLC19A2, that transports thiamine into cells. Its function helps explain tissue uptake and the inherited disorder caused by its loss.
Thiamine blood test : A laboratory measurement of thiamine or its functional status in blood or blood cells. Testing can help assess suspected deficiency, though results require clinical interpretation.
Riboflavin : Vitamin B₂, a water-soluble vitamin that forms the coenzymes FAD and FMN for oxidation-reduction reactions. It is another energy-metabolism vitamin, but its coenzymes perform different chemical reactions.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : A multienzyme complex that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, connecting glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. Its first catalytic step requires thiamine pyrophosphate to process carbohydrate-derived pyruvate.
Beriberi : A group of disorders caused by thiamine deficiency, with neurological, muscular, or cardiovascular manifestations. Beriberi shows how deficiency can affect peripheral nerves, muscles, and the heart.
Thiamine transporter 2 : A membrane protein, encoded by SLC19A3, that transports thiamine across cell membranes, including in the nervous system. Transport into neural tissues depends in part on this protein.
Erythrocyte transketolase activity : A red-blood-cell enzyme assay used to assess functional thiamine status. Adding thiamine pyrophosphate to the assay can reveal whether enzyme activity rises in deficiency.
Niacin : Vitamin B₃, a nutrient used to make the redox coenzymes NAD and NADP. Niacin supports cellular energy metabolism through electron transfer rather than thiamine-dependent carbon transfer.
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