Thiazide diuretic

A drug that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney’s distal convoluted tubule, increasing urine production and commonly lowering blood pressure.

Distal convoluted tubule: A nephron segment that reabsorbs sodium and chloride and helps regulate calcium and electrolyte balance. Thiazides act on sodium-chloride transport in this nephron segment.
Hypertension: Persistently elevated arterial blood pressure that increases the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Thiazide and thiazide-like drugs are commonly used to treat uncomplicated hypertension.
Loop diuretic: A diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Loop diuretics act upstream and generally produce stronger diuresis than thiazides.
Nephron: The kidney’s microscopic functional unit, consisting of a filtering corpuscle and a specialized tubular system. Thiazide action depends on transport processes along this kidney unit.
Hyponatremia: An abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood. Thiazides can impair the kidney’s ability to dilute urine and contribute to low serum sodium.
Sodium-chloride symporter: A membrane protein that transports sodium and chloride together into cells of the distal convoluted tubule. Thiazides lower sodium reabsorption by inhibiting this transporter.
Edema: Excess fluid accumulated in the body’s tissues or body cavities. Thiazides can reduce fluid retention in some conditions, though other diuretics are often stronger.
Potassium-sparing diuretic: A diuretic that reduces sodium reabsorption while limiting potassium secretion in the collecting system. This class tends to conserve potassium, unlike the potassium loss often caused by thiazides.
Glomerular filtration: The movement of water and small solutes from blood into the kidney’s glomerular filtrate. Filtered sodium and water provide the tubular contents that thiazides alter downstream.
Hyperuricemia: An elevated concentration of uric acid in the blood. Thiazides can reduce urate excretion and raise serum uric acid.

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