Third Anglo-Afghan War

A brief 1919 war between Afghanistan and British India that ended with Afghanistan gaining control over its foreign affairs.

Treaty of Rawalpindi: The 1919 agreement that ended the Third Anglo-Afghan War and recognized Afghanistan’s freedom to conduct foreign relations. Its terms formalized the war’s central outcome: Afghan control over foreign affairs.
Amanullah Khan: King of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, known for asserting independence from British influence and pursuing reforms. He launched the war soon after taking power to secure full diplomatic independence.
Afghan independence: Afghanistan’s achievement of independent control over its foreign relations in 1919. The war’s principal political result was recognition of this diplomatic autonomy.
Second Anglo-Afghan War: A war fought between Britain and Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880, ending with British influence over Afghan foreign policy. Unlike the 1919 settlement, its outcome constrained Afghanistan’s foreign relations.
Afghan invasion of British India (1919): The Afghan military incursion into British India that opened the Third Anglo-Afghan War in May 1919. Aminullah Khan’s forces crossed the frontier, turning the succession crisis into open war.
Habibullah Khan: Ruler of Afghanistan from 1901 until his assassination in 1919, when his son Amanullah succeeded him. His assassination created the succession crisis that preceded the war.
Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1921: The treaty that normalized relations between Britain and Afghanistan and confirmed Afghanistan’s independence after the 1919 war. It developed the preliminary peace into a broader settlement of relations.
First Anglo-Afghan War: The 1839–1842 British invasion and occupation of Afghanistan, followed by the destruction of the retreating British-led force. Its catastrophic British retreat contrasts with the short, negotiated end to the 1919 conflict.
Battle of the Khyber Pass: A 1919 clash in the Khyber Pass between Afghan forces and British Indian troops during the Third Anglo-Afghan War. The fighting there showed how the conflict centered on the strategic frontier routes.
Anglo-Afghan wars: Three conflicts between Afghanistan and Britain, fought in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries over influence and borders. The 1919 conflict was the final war in a longer contest over Afghanistan’s autonomy.

Linked from 5 pages