Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

A period of political fragmentation in ancient Egypt, conventionally dated about 1070–664 BCE, between the New Kingdom and Late Period.

High Priests of Amun at Thebes: The powerful religious officials who administered Thebes and Upper Egypt during parts of Egypt’s Third Intermediate Period. Their authority rivaled the Tanite kings and made division institutional.
Ramesses XI: The last pharaoh of Egypt’s Twentieth Dynasty, whose reign ended the New Kingdom. His reign saw the weakening of royal authority that preceded the political split.
Smendes: The founder of Egypt’s Twenty-first Dynasty, who ruled from Tanis around the start of the Third Intermediate Period. His northern kingship formed one side of the early political division.
Bubastis: An ancient Egyptian city in the Nile Delta, associated with the Twenty-second Dynasty’s royal center. Its temples and royal monuments reflect the dynasty’s northern base.
New Kingdom of Egypt: The ancient Egyptian era of imperial expansion and centralized rule, conventionally dated about 1550–1070 BCE. Its strong monarchy contrasts with the divided authority that followed.
Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt: A Libyan-origin Egyptian dynasty that ruled from Bubastis and at times controlled much of Egypt. Its kings briefly restored stronger central rule before rival dynasties divided the country again.
Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt: An Egyptian dynasty that ruled from Tanis while the high priests of Amun held power in Thebes. It emerged as New Kingdom control gave way to separate northern and southern authorities.
Herihor: A high priest of Amun who held military and royal titles in Thebes near the end of the New Kingdom. His rise exemplifies the transfer of power to Theban religious officials.
Tanis: An ancient city in the northeastern Nile Delta that served as a royal center during Egypt’s Third Intermediate Period. Its royal tombs and monuments document the northern court’s wealth and authority.
Late Period of ancient Egypt: The era of renewed Egyptian dynasties and foreign rule following the Third Intermediate Period. Its conventional beginning marks the political transition out of this period.

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