Third Partition of Poland

The 1795 division of the remaining Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, which ended the state’s independent existence.

First Partition of Poland: The 1772 division of Commonwealth territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. It began the sequence of territorial divisions that culminated in 1795.
Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1795): The 1795 agreement in which Russia and Austria settled their shares of partitioned Polish territory. It formalized the eastern and southern divisions between two of the partitioning powers.
Catherine the Great: Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, whose policies expanded Russian influence in eastern Europe. Russia was the dominant power in the partitions and took the largest eastern share.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: A federated state of the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania that existed from 1569 to 1795. The third partition ended this state’s independent existence.
New East Prussia: A Prussian province created from territories acquired in the second and third partitions of Poland. It illustrates Prussia’s territorial gains in the final division.
Second Partition of Poland: The 1793 seizure of Commonwealth territory by Russia and Prussia. It left the reduced Commonwealth vulnerable to the final partition.
Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1797): The agreement in which Russia, Prussia, and Austria pledged to remove the name Poland from official use. It gave diplomatic form to the erasure of the Commonwealth’s political identity.
Frederick William II of Prussia: King of Prussia from 1786 to 1797, who took part in the final partition of Poland. His government secured Prussian territory in the final division.
Congress Poland: A Polish kingdom established in 1815 under the Russian emperor after the Napoleonic Wars. It was one later, limited restoration of Polish statehood after the partitions.
West Galicia: The Austrian administrative territory formed from lands acquired in the third partition of Poland. It shows how Austria organized its share of the remaining Commonwealth lands.

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