Third Servile War

The Third Servile War was a major slave revolt against the Roman Republic from 73 to 71 BCE, led by Spartacus and defeated by Roman forces under Marcus Licinius Crassus.

Spartacus: A Thracian gladiator who led the Third Servile War against Rome. His leadership unified the rebel forces and shaped their campaigns.
Roman slavery: The system that made enslaved people legally subordinate and economically exploitable in ancient Rome. Enslaved people formed the revolt's base, though its participants had varied circumstances.
Roman Republic: The period of Roman government before the establishment of the Roman Empire. The revolt challenged the Republic's authority and drew its armies into Italy.
Battle of Mount Vesuvius: An early engagement in which rebels escaped a Roman blockade near Mount Vesuvius. The escape demonstrated the rebels' ability to improvise against local Roman forces.
Crixus: A Gallic gladiator who became a prominent leader in the revolt. His force separated from Spartacus's and was defeated by Roman troops.
Capua: An ancient city in Campania, in southern Italy. The uprising began at a gladiator school in this city.
Pompey: A Roman general and politician who returned from Spain during the final phase of the revolt. He intercepted some fugitives and claimed credit for helping end the war.
Battle of Mutina: A battle in northern Italy in which Spartacus's forces defeated a Roman army under Gaius Cassius Longinus. The rebel advance northward reached a major victory before Spartacus turned back south.
Gladiator: A trained combatant who fought publicly in ancient Roman arenas. The revolt began when gladiators escaped from a training school at Capua.
Lentulus Batiatus: The owner of the gladiator school at Capua from which Spartacus and others escaped. The school’s confinement prompted the initial escape that launched the revolt.

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