Thomas Cavendish

Thomas Cavendish was an English navigator who led the second successful English circumnavigation, sailing around the globe from 1586 to 1588 after Francis Drake.

Desire (ship): An English galleon that served as Thomas Cavendish’s flagship during his 1586–1588 circumnavigation. Cavendish used this flagship to cross the Pacific and return to England.
Francis Drake: An English navigator and privateer who completed the first English circumnavigation in 1577–1580. Drake’s voyage inspired Cavendish, who sought to repeat and surpass its profits.
Francis Pretty: An English participant in Thomas Cavendish’s circumnavigation who later wrote an account of the voyage. Pretty’s narrative is a principal surviving source for the expedition’s route and events.
English overseas expansion: The growth of England’s maritime activity, trade, settlement, and imperial power beyond Europe. Cavendish’s voyage demonstrated English reach across the Pacific and around the globe.
Santa Ana (galleon): A Spanish Manila galleon captured by Thomas Cavendish off the coast of California in 1587. The capture was the expedition’s most famous prize and a major source of wealth.
Strait of Magellan: A navigable sea passage through the southern tip of South America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Cavendish took this passage into the Pacific, as Drake had before him.
Circumnavigation: A voyage or journey that travels around the world and returns to its point of departure. Cavendish’s expedition became only the second completed English circumnavigation.
Thomas Fuller: A seventeenth-century English clergyman and historian who wrote about notable figures in English history. Fuller’s account helped preserve Cavendish’s reputation in later English histories.
Spanish Empire: A global empire ruled by Spain from the late fifteenth century into the nineteenth century. Cavendish targeted Spanish ports and shipping during England’s conflict with Spain.
California: A region on the western coast of North America, including the present-day U.S. state and Mexican peninsula. Cavendish captured the Santa Ana near California during his Pacific crossing.

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Pedro Sarmiento de GamboaRelated: His voyage brought the settlements’ failure to wider attention.