Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was an American educator who co-founded the first permanent school for deaf students in the United States and helped introduce French Sign Language influences into American deaf education.

Laurent Clerc: A deaf French teacher who helped establish American deaf education and taught at the first permanent U.S. school for deaf students. Clerc taught alongside Gallaudet and brought French Sign Language expertise to the Hartford school.
American School for the Deaf: A school in Hartford, Connecticut, founded in 1817 as the first permanent school for deaf students in the United States. Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc established this institution after returning from Europe.
Deaf education: Education designed for deaf and hard-of-hearing students, using varied communication and teaching approaches. The Hartford school became an influential model for organized deaf schooling in the United States.
Manualism: An approach to deaf education that uses sign language and fingerspelling as primary means of instruction. Manual communication contrasts with oralist efforts to prioritize spoken language.
Mason Fitch Cogswell: An American physician and advocate for deaf education whose daughter Alice was deaf. Cogswell urged Gallaudet to create a school for deaf children and helped finance the effort.
French Sign Language: A natural sign language used by deaf communities in France. Clerc’s language and teaching methods helped shape communication at the Hartford school.
Gallaudet University: A university in Washington, D.C., founded in 1864 to provide higher education for deaf and hard-of-hearing students. The university was named for Gallaudet and reflects the educational movement he helped begin.
Alexander Graham Bell: An inventor and educator who advocated oral education and opposed the use of sign language in deaf schooling. Bell’s program became a prominent alternative to the signed educational tradition linked to Gallaudet.
Alice Cogswell: A deaf American child whose education helped inspire the founding of the first permanent U.S. school for deaf students. Gallaudet began studying deaf education after meeting Cogswell and seeing her need for schooling.
Paris Institution for Deaf-Mutes: A French school for deaf students founded in Paris in the eighteenth century. Gallaudet visited this institution to study deaf education and recruit Laurent Clerc.

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