Thought

Thought is mental activity that forms and manipulates ideas, memories, judgments, and plans. It includes conscious reflection and processes that occur without deliberate attention.

Mental representation: A mental state or structure that stands for an object, property, event, or situation. Ideas and plans depend on representations of things that may not be present.
Reasoning: The process of drawing conclusions from premises, evidence, or other beliefs. It is the deliberate process by which thought reaches and tests conclusions.
Decision-making: The process of selecting an action or option among alternatives. Judgment and prediction guide thought toward a choice.
Consciousness: The condition of having subjective experience or awareness. Some thought is conscious, but mental activity can also occur without awareness.
Embodied cognition: The view that cognitive processes depend partly on bodily states and interactions with the environment. It challenges accounts that treat thought as detached from bodily experience.
Working memory: A limited-capacity system for temporarily maintaining and using information. It keeps information available while thought compares, combines, or revises it.
Deductive reasoning: Reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily if the premises are true. It shows how thought can preserve truth through valid inference.
Problem solving: The process of finding a sequence of actions or ideas that reaches a desired goal. It organizes thought around overcoming an obstacle or constraint.
Unconscious mind: Mental processes and contents that are not currently available to conscious awareness. It names the hidden activity that can shape judgments and behavior.
Extended mind thesis: The claim that tools and environmental resources can become parts of cognitive processes. It questions whether thought is confined to activity inside the brain.

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