Three-dimensional system (spatial)

A system whose structure, state, or behavior is defined across three spatial dimensions: length, width, and height. Its components can vary or interact throughout a volume rather than only along a line or across a surface.

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Euclidean space: A geometric space in which points have positions and distances follow Euclidean geometry. It provides the familiar framework of three perpendicular spatial directions.
Three-dimensional geometry: The study of shapes, distances, angles, and relationships in three-dimensional space. It supplies the geometric rules for describing the system's shape and layout.
Computer graphics: The creation and manipulation of images using computational methods. Three-dimensional scenes encode geometry, lighting, and viewpoint before rendering images.
One-dimensional system: A system whose relevant structure or variation is described along one spatial direction. It removes two spatial directions, as in an idealized wire or line.
Depth perception: The visual ability to estimate distances and perceive the world in three dimensions. It lets observers infer spatial structure from images received by the eyes.
Coordinate system: A method for assigning numbers to locations relative to a chosen origin and set of axes. Coordinates specify where each part of a three-dimensional system is located.
Cartesian coordinate system: A coordinate system that locates points using signed distances along perpendicular axes. Its three axes provide a direct representation of position in ordinary three-dimensional space.
Computational fluid dynamics: The numerical modeling of fluid motion and related physical processes. It predicts flows whose velocity and pressure vary throughout three-dimensional regions.
Two-dimensional system: A system whose relevant structure or variation is confined to two spatial directions. It models surfaces or sheets without variation through a third spatial direction.
Inverse-square law: A relation in which a quantity decreases in proportion to the square of distance from a source. In three spatial dimensions, spreading over spherical surfaces produces inverse-square behavior.