Thrust vectoring

Thrust vectoring redirects an engine’s thrust to control a vehicle’s direction or movement, typically by changing the exhaust flow’s angle.

Thrust-vectoring nozzle: An engine nozzle that redirects exhaust to change the direction of thrust. Its movable or deformable geometry turns exhaust flow into a steering force.
Sukhoi Su-35: A Russian multirole fighter aircraft equipped with engines that provide thrust vectoring. Its vectoring nozzles support control at high angles of attack and low speeds.
Thrust: The force produced by a propulsion system that pushes a vehicle forward. Vectoring changes the direction of this force, not merely its magnitude.
Afterburner: A jet-engine system that burns additional fuel in the exhaust to increase thrust. Afterburning can supply more force for vectoring but does not itself change thrust direction.
Gimbaled thrust: A propulsion method that pivots an engine or nozzle to aim its thrust. Pivoting the propulsion unit changes thrust direction without deflecting exhaust inside a fixed nozzle.
Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor: A United States stealth fighter with two-dimensional thrust-vectoring nozzles. Its nozzles deflect exhaust in pitch to augment maneuvering control.
Newton's laws of motion: Three principles relating forces to the motion of bodies. They explain how redirected engine force accelerates and rotates a vehicle.
Variable-cycle engine: A jet engine designed to change its operating airflow configuration for different flight conditions. It changes engine performance across conditions, whereas vectoring changes the direction of the force.
Reaction control system: A set of small thrusters that controls vehicle orientation or translation, especially where aerodynamic surfaces are ineffective. It controls motion with separate jets rather than redirecting the main engine’s thrust.
Harrier Jump Jet: A family of aircraft capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing using swiveling engine nozzles. The Harrier redirects thrust for lift and transition, rather than primarily for in-flight steering.

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