Tin(IV) chloride

Tin(IV) chloride, or stannic chloride, is the molecular compound SnCl₄, in which one tin atom is bonded to four chlorine atoms and tin has oxidation state +4.

Molecular geometry: The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Four chlorine atoms surround tin in a tetrahedral arrangement.
Friedel–Crafts reaction: An electrophilic aromatic substitution that adds an alkyl or acyl group to an aromatic ring. Tin(IV) chloride can promote these reactions by activating electrophilic reagents.
Tin: A post-transition metal element with atomic number 50 and symbol Sn. Tin is the central atom whose +4 state defines this compound.
Tin(II) chloride: The inorganic compound SnCl₂, in which tin has oxidation state +2. Tin(II) chloride contrasts with SnCl₄ in oxidation state and reducing character.
Lewis acid: A chemical species that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Tin(IV) chloride accepts electron pairs from bases and donor molecules.
Organic synthesis: The construction of organic compounds through planned chemical reactions. Its Lewis-acid behavior makes it a reagent in selected transformations.
Chlorine: A reactive halogen element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. Chlorine supplies the four atoms bonded to tin in SnCl₄.
Tin(IV) bromide: The compound SnBr₄, in which tin has oxidation state +4 and is bonded to four bromine atoms. Replacing chlorine with bromine changes the compound’s physical and chemical properties.
Hydrolysis: A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down by reaction with water. Water converts tin(IV) chloride into hydrolyzed tin species and hydrogen chloride.
Catalysis: The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance that is regenerated rather than consumed overall. Tin(IV) chloride can accelerate reactions through coordination to reactants.

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