Titanium

Titanium is a metallic chemical element with atomic number 22. Its low density, high strength, and resistance to corrosion make it useful in alloys, implants, and chemical equipment.

Titanium alloy: A metallic material containing titanium combined with other elements to improve properties such as strength or heat resistance. Alloying expands titanium’s strength and heat tolerance for aircraft and other demanding structures.
Titanium oxide: A family of compounds formed from titanium and oxygen, including the stable surface oxide on titanium metal. A thin oxide layer forms on titanium and helps shield it from further corrosion.
William Gregor: An English clergyman and mineralogist who identified an unknown metal oxide in 1791. Gregor’s study of mineral sands produced the first recorded identification of titanium-bearing material.
Aluminium: A lightweight metallic element widely used in transport, packaging, and construction. Aluminium is lighter and cheaper, while titanium generally offers greater strength and corrosion resistance.
Aircraft engine: A propulsion system that generates thrust by accelerating air or combustion products. Titanium alloys are used in engine components that need strength without excessive mass.
Passivation: The formation of a thin protective surface layer that reduces a material’s chemical reactivity. Titanium’s passive oxide film explains its resistance to many corrosive environments.
Martin Heinrich Klaproth: A German chemist who named titanium after analyzing the mineral rutile in 1795. Klaproth independently recognized the element and gave it the name still in use.
Stainless steel: An iron-based alloy containing enough chromium to resist rust and corrosion. Stainless steel is usually less costly and easier to fabricate, but denser than titanium.
Dental implant: A surgically placed device, often a titanium screw, that supports replacement teeth. Titanium’s biocompatibility and resistance to bodily corrosion suit it to implanted tooth roots.
Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure: A crystal arrangement in which atoms occupy a hexagonal lattice with dense packing. At ordinary temperatures, titanium’s alpha phase has this structure, shaping its deformation behavior.

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