Toll road

A road whose users pay a fee to travel on it. Fees may fund construction, maintenance, or operation, and may be collected at booths or electronically.

Toll plaza: A roadside facility where vehicles stop or slow to pay a road toll. Traditional toll roads collect fees at staffed booths or automated lanes.
Turnpike: A controlled-access highway financed or operated through tolls. Turnpikes are a prominent form of long-distance toll road.
Turnpike trust: A body authorized to collect tolls and maintain a road, especially in Britain from the seventeenth century onward. Turnpike trusts organized early toll-road maintenance and financing.
Freeway: A high-capacity road with controlled access and no at-grade intersections. Unlike a toll road, a freeway is ordinarily free to use.
Induced demand: An increase in travel that follows an expansion of transportation capacity or a reduction in travel cost. Toll prices can moderate, but do not automatically eliminate, traffic growth.
Electronic toll collection: A system that identifies vehicles and charges tolls electronically, often without requiring them to stop. Electronic collection reduces delays at toll points and enables cashless payment.
Express lane: A highway lane with access rules or pricing intended to provide more reliable travel times. Some express lanes charge variable tolls while nearby general lanes remain untolled.
Turnpike Act 1707: A British law that established a parliamentary framework for authorizing turnpike trusts. The act helped expand organized toll-road construction in Britain.
Fuel tax: A tax levied on fuel purchases, often used to fund transportation infrastructure. Fuel taxes finance roads indirectly rather than charging each trip at a toll point.
Traffic congestion: A condition in which travel demand exceeds the available capacity of a transport route. Tolling can reduce congestion when prices change with demand.

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