Toothbrushing

Toothbrushing is the use of a toothbrush to disrupt dental plaque and remove food debris from tooth surfaces, usually with toothpaste.

Dental plaque: A structured microbial biofilm that forms on teeth and can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease. Brushing physically disrupts this biofilm before it can mature and cause damage.
Fluoride: A mineral ion that strengthens tooth mineral and helps limit acid-driven demineralization. Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps protect enamel between dental visits.
Manual toothbrush: A toothbrush whose bristle motion is produced by the user rather than an electric motor. It is the non-powered alternative to electric brushing and can clean effectively with good technique.
Tooth decay: The progressive breakdown of tooth structure caused by acids produced when oral bacteria metabolize fermentable carbohydrates. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste reduces risk but cannot erase the effects of frequent sugar exposure.
Bass technique: A toothbrushing method that angles bristles toward the gumline and uses short, gentle strokes. Its bristle angle targets plaque along the gum margin, where brushing can easily miss.
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, commonly caused by plaque accumulation along the gumline. Consistent plaque removal can reduce the inflammation that causes gingivitis.
Water flosser: An oral irrigator that directs a pressurized stream of water between teeth and along the gumline. It can aid interdental cleaning but does not replace brushing tooth surfaces.
Gum recession: The displacement of gum tissue away from the tooth crown, exposing more of the root surface. Aggressive brushing can contribute to recession, especially when combined with other risk factors.
Toothbrush: A handheld or powered instrument with bristles used to clean teeth and nearby oral surfaces. Its bristles provide the mechanical contact that removes plaque and debris.
Caries prevention: Measures that reduce the development of dental caries, including fluoride exposure and control of dietary sugars. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste is a central daily measure against tooth decay.

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