Total war

Total war is warfare in which states mobilize society and resources on a large scale to defeat an enemy, blurring the line between military and civilian effort.

Mass mobilization: The large-scale organization of people for military service, labor, or other state efforts. Conscription and civilian labor supply the personnel needed to sustain total war.
Napoleonic Wars: A series of European conflicts from 1803 to 1815 involving Napoleonic France and shifting coalitions. Mass conscription and national mobilization helped foreshadow later total wars.
Levée en masse: The 1793 French decree that mobilized the population and economy for revolutionary war. Revolutionary France made national mobilization an explicit state policy.
Civilian casualties: Deaths and injuries among people who are not members of armed forces. Expanded targeting and exposure to combat make civilian harm a central consequence.
Limited war: Warfare in which political aims, methods, or resources are deliberately restricted. It contrasts with the broad mobilization and expansive aims associated with total war.
War economy: An economic system reorganized to prioritize the production and distribution of resources for war. States redirect factories, labor, and materials toward military needs.
American Civil War: The 1861–1865 conflict between the United States and the Confederacy over secession and slavery. Union campaigns against Confederate infrastructure and resources became a landmark in expansive warfare.
French Revolutionary Wars: The wars fought by revolutionary France against European powers from 1792 to 1802. They spread mass armies and political mobilization across Europe.
Home front: The civilian population and activities of a country at war, especially those supporting its armed forces. The home front becomes part of the war effort rather than a separate sphere.
Attrition warfare: A strategy of exhausting an enemy through the cumulative loss of personnel and resources. Attrition describes a way of pursuing victory, not necessarily society-wide mobilization.

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