Toxic masculinity

Toxic masculinity is a critique of masculine norms that reward dominance, emotional suppression, or aggression when these norms harm individuals or communities.

Hegemonic masculinity: A framework describing how culturally dominant ideals of masculinity sustain gender hierarchy and shape men's lives. It explains how particular masculine ideals gain authority and become standards against which men are judged.
Shepherd Bliss: An American activist associated with the mythopoetic men's movement and early use of the phrase toxic masculinity. His writing helped establish the phrase in men's movement discussions during the 1980s.
Gender socialization: The process through which people learn cultural expectations associated with gender. It helps explain how boys encounter and internalize dominant masculine expectations.
Help-seeking behavior: Actions taken to obtain assistance, advice, or treatment for a problem. Stigma around vulnerability can make some men less willing to seek mental-health care.
Positive masculinity: A broad idea of masculine identity emphasizing traits such as care, responsibility, and emotional openness. It offers a contrast to harmful norms without requiring rejection of masculine identity.
Gender role: A set of social expectations associated with a person's perceived gender. Toxic masculinity critiques a restrictive set of expectations within broader gender roles.
Mythopoetic men's movement: A men's movement that used ritual, myth, and group practice to explore men's identities and emotional lives. The phrase emerged in a movement seeking to distinguish restrictive masculinity from healthier forms.
Emotional suppression: The inhibition or concealment of emotional expression, whether deliberate or habitual. A norm against vulnerability can discourage men from expressing distress or seeking support.
Men's mental health: The psychological well-being and mental-health needs of men and boys. Emotional restriction and pressure to appear invulnerable can affect well-being and care.
Men's liberation movement: A movement examining how restrictive gender roles constrain men and advocating change. It shares concern about damaging expectations while framing men as affected by gender roles.

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