Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a Japanese military leader who completed the country’s unification in the late 16th century and ruled as imperial regent. He rose from a modest background to govern Japan without becoming shogun.

Oda Nobunaga: A Japanese warlord who began the late-sixteenth-century unification of Japan before his death in 1582. Hideyoshi served Nobunaga and inherited his unfinished campaign after his assassination.
Siege of Odawara: The 1590 campaign in which Hideyoshi’s forces defeated the Hōjō clan and captured its stronghold at Odawara. The Hōjō defeat brought the eastern provinces under Hideyoshi’s authority.
Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598): Two invasions of Korea launched by Hideyoshi’s forces between 1592 and 1598. The campaigns extended Hideyoshi’s military ambitions overseas and ended without his conquest of China.
Toyotomi Hideyori: The son and designated heir of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, born in 1593. Hideyori’s youth left Hideyoshi’s government vulnerable to factional conflict after Hideyoshi died.
Honnō-ji Incident: The 1582 coup in which Akechi Mitsuhide attacked Oda Nobunaga at Honnō-ji in Kyoto. Nobunaga’s death opened the succession struggle that Hideyoshi won.
Sword hunt: Hideyoshi’s 1588 order requiring the confiscation of weapons from peasants and religious institutions. Disarming peasants helped reinforce the separation between warriors and cultivators.
Ming dynasty: A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644. Hideyoshi’s invasion plans targeted Ming China, drawing Korea into war.
Council of Five Elders: A council of five powerful daimyo appointed to govern for Hideyori after Hideyoshi’s death. Hideyoshi entrusted this council with preserving his son’s rule.
Battle of Yamazaki: The 1582 battle in which Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeated Akechi Mitsuhide near Kyoto. Hideyoshi’s swift victory established him as Nobunaga’s strongest successor.
cadastral survey: A systematic survey that records landholdings, boundaries, and taxable value. Hideyoshi’s land surveys measured agricultural output to standardize taxation and obligations.

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