Traditional animation

Traditional animation creates motion by drawing or painting images individually and displaying them in sequence, often using paper drawings or transparent cels.

Animation timing: The spacing and duration of images that shape the speed and feel of animated movement. The number and spacing of drawings determine whether motion feels slow, fast, or abrupt.
Phenakistoscope: A nineteenth-century spinning disc that creates the illusion of motion from sequential images viewed through slits. It demonstrated sequential-image motion before cinema cameras could record animated drawings.
Walt Disney: An American animator and producer who built a major studio and helped popularize feature-length animation. His studio developed production practices that defined much American cel animation.
Animated feature film: A feature-length film in which animation creates the principal visual action. Traditional animation became a major method for producing animated theatrical features.
Computer animation: Animation created or manipulated with computer software, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional imagery. It can generate images digitally rather than photographing individually prepared drawings.
Key frame: A drawing that defines a major pose or moment in an animated sequence. Key poses establish the main action before intermediate drawings fill its movement.
Emile Cohl: A French caricaturist and filmmaker who made influential early hand-drawn animated films. His Fantasmagorie (1908) helped establish animation as a cinema form.
Ub Iwerks: An American animator and designer known for rapid, inventive drawing and early Disney character animation. His animation on early Mickey Mouse films exemplified economical, energetic hand-drawn movement.
Anime: A style and industry of animation associated with Japan, spanning varied genres and techniques. Many anime productions use drawn characters and backgrounds, often combined with digital tools.
Stop motion: Animation made by photographing physical objects in successive poses and displaying the images in sequence. It shares frame-by-frame photography but moves physical objects instead of drawn images.

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