Traffic calming

Traffic calming is the use of street design and control measures to reduce vehicle speeds or discourage through traffic, improving conditions for people using streets.

Speed hump: A raised section of roadway designed to make vehicles slow down. Its vertical deflection directly reduces speed on residential streets.
Residential street: A local street primarily serving homes and nearby destinations. These streets often need protection from speeding and shortcut traffic.
Traffic enforcement: The use of police or automated systems to detect and penalize violations of traffic laws. Enforcement targets unlawful behavior, while calming changes the street or permitted routes.
Traffic collision: An event in which a road vehicle collides with another vehicle, a person, an animal, or an object. Lower speeds reduce the severity of collisions and can affect their likelihood.
Woonerf: A Dutch residential street designed as a pedestrian-priority shared space with very low vehicle speeds. It is a prominent model for integrating traffic calming with public life.
Chicane: A sequence of alternating lateral shifts that forces vehicles to follow a winding path. The changing alignment slows traffic without a raised obstacle.
School zone: An area around a school where special traffic rules or design measures protect people traveling to and from school. Traffic calming can reduce risks during school arrival and dismissal.
Traffic signal: An electronic device that assigns right of way to road users at an intersection. Signals manage conflicts and flow but do not necessarily reduce speeds between junctions.
Induced demand: The increase in travel that follows an expansion of transport capacity or a reduction in travel costs. Traffic calming counters the assumption that easing car movement is the only way to improve streets.
Bristol 20 mph speed limit: A citywide program that introduced a 20 mph speed limit on many residential streets in Bristol, England. It illustrates large-scale use of lower speed limits across urban neighborhoods.

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