Transistor–transistor logic

Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a bipolar digital logic family in which transistors perform both logic operations and amplification between circuit stages. Its standardized voltage levels and input-output behavior enabled interchangeable logic components.

TTL NAND gate: A TTL logic gate that produces a low output only when every input is high. Its input transistor and output stage show how a basic TTL gate performs logic and amplification.
Bipolar junction transistor: A semiconductor device in which current through two junctions controls current through a third terminal. TTL uses bipolar junction transistors as its logic and amplification elements.
James L. Buie: An engineer credited with developing transistor–transistor logic at Sylvania in the early 1960s. Buie’s circuit work established the TTL approach to integrated logic.
74LS series: A low-power Schottky family of 7400-series logic integrated circuits. It reduced power consumption while retaining compatibility with standard TTL logic levels.
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor: A technology that uses complementary p-channel and n-channel field-effect transistors to implement circuits. CMOS typically uses less static power than bipolar TTL.
Multi-emitter transistor: A bipolar transistor with multiple emitter regions sharing one base and collector. It lets a single TTL input stage combine several input signals.
Logic gate: A digital circuit that computes a Boolean operation on one or more binary inputs. TTL components are physical implementations of logic gates.
Sylvania Electric Products: An American electronics company that developed and manufactured semiconductor devices and electronic systems. TTL emerged from Sylvania’s integrated-circuit development.
74S series: A Schottky TTL family designed for faster switching than standard TTL. It reduced transistor saturation effects to improve switching speed.
Emitter-coupled logic: A bipolar logic family that avoids transistor saturation to achieve very high switching speed. ECL prioritizes speed over the lower power and simpler interfaces of TTL.

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