Transmission Control Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an Internet transport protocol that provides applications with reliable, ordered byte streams between endpoints over IP networks.

TCP three-way handshake: A three-message exchange that establishes a TCP connection and synchronizes sequence numbers between endpoints. SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK establish the connection before application data flows.
Internet Protocol: The network-layer protocol suite that routes datagrams between hosts across interconnected networks. TCP relies on IP to carry its segments between endpoints.
HTTP: An application-layer protocol for transferring hypertext and other resources between clients and servers. HTTP commonly uses TCP to carry requests and responses, especially in HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
User Datagram Protocol: An Internet transport protocol that sends datagrams without TCP’s built-in reliability, ordering, or connection setup. UDP is the simpler alternative when applications prefer low overhead or manage reliability themselves.
Vint Cerf: An American computer scientist who helped develop TCP/IP and shape the architecture of the Internet. Cerf co-designed the internetworking protocols from which modern TCP developed.
TCP sequence number: A number identifying a byte’s position in a TCP stream, used to order data and detect missing segments. Sequence numbers let TCP reconstruct the byte stream despite reordered or duplicated network packets.
Transport layer: The network architecture layer that provides communication services between processes on different hosts. TCP is a transport-layer protocol, positioned above IP and below application protocols.
SMTP: An Internet protocol for sending email between mail servers and from clients to submission servers. SMTP commonly uses TCP connections to exchange mail commands and message content.
Stream Control Transmission Protocol: A transport protocol offering reliable message delivery, multistreaming, and multihoming. SCTP preserves message boundaries and avoids cross-stream blocking in ways TCP does not.
Bob Kahn: An American engineer who co-designed the TCP/IP architecture for communication across packet-switched networks. Kahn’s internetworking work helped establish the design goals behind TCP.

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