Transnationalism

Transnationalism is the practices and relationships through which people sustain social, economic, or political ties across national borders. It emphasizes ongoing cross-border connections rather than movement alone.

Transnational social fields: Networks of relationships and institutions that connect people across national borders. They describe the cross-border spaces in which transnational practices take shape.
Linda Basch: An anthropologist whose research helped establish transnationalism as a framework for studying migrant connections across borders. Her work with Nina Glick Schiller and Cristina Szanton Blanc shaped the concept's influential formulation.
Methodological nationalism: An analytical approach that treats the nation-state and its borders as natural containers for social life. Transnationalism directly challenges explanations that confine social relations within one national society.
Transnational citizenship: Forms of political participation and belonging that extend across more than one national polity. It captures how political membership can remain active beyond the state of residence.
Hometown association: An organization formed by migrants from the same locality to support that place and its community. It channels diaspora resources and collective activity toward a specific place of origin.
Remittances: Money migrants send to individuals or organizations in another place, often their place of origin. They turn cross-border family obligations into recurring economic flows.
Nina Glick Schiller: An anthropologist known for research on migration, nationalism, and transnational social fields. Her scholarship challenged accounts that treated migration as a one-way break with the origin country.
Assimilation: A process in which individuals or groups adopt practices and identities associated with a dominant society. Assimilation models can obscure migrants' continuing attachments and activities across borders.
Dual citizenship: The legal status of holding citizenship in two countries at the same time. It gives some people formal membership in multiple states alongside transnational social ties.
Social remittances: Ideas, practices, identities, and social capital that migrants transmit between communities across borders. They reveal cultural and social exchanges that accompany financial remittances.

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