Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton

The 1328 agreement in which England recognized Scotland as an independent kingdom under Robert the Bruce and renounced its claims to overlordship.

Wars of Scottish Independence: A series of conflicts in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries over Scotland’s sovereignty from England. The treaty formally concluded the first war by securing English recognition of Scottish independence.
Recognition of Scottish independence: The diplomatic acknowledgment that Scotland was a sovereign kingdom rather than an English dependency. The treaty’s central provision recognized Scotland’s independence and ended English claims to overlordship.
Treaty of Berwick: A 1357 agreement that ended the Second War of Scottish Independence and arranged David II’s release from English captivity. It followed the renewed conflict that broke the peace established in 1328.
Treaty of Perth: A 1266 agreement in which Norway ceded the Hebrides and the Isle of Man to Scotland. Unlike this earlier territorial settlement, the 1328 treaty addressed England’s claims over Scotland.
Robert the Bruce: King of Scots from 1306 to 1329 who led the successful campaign for Scottish independence. His military and political victories made England’s recognition of his kingship possible.
Treaty of York: A 1328 agreement arranging the marriage of Joan of the Tower and David, heir to the Scottish throne. This dynastic marriage provision accompanied the treaty’s settlement between the kingdoms.
Second War of Scottish Independence: A conflict from 1332 to 1357 in which England-backed claimants challenged the Bruce dynasty in Scotland. The war exposed how fragile the 1328 settlement remained after Robert the Bruce’s death.
Papal bull of 1329: A papal document issued after Robert the Bruce’s death that addressed the Scottish king’s request for confirmation of his royal title. The treaty secured English recognition, but Bruce’s death left papal recognition as a separate diplomatic concern.
Battle of Bannockburn: A 1314 Scottish victory over an English army near Stirling during the First War of Scottish Independence. The victory strengthened Bruce’s position before the negotiations that produced the treaty.
Joan of the Tower: An English princess, daughter of Edward II, who married David, heir to the Scottish throne, in 1328. Her marriage to David was part of the settlement’s dynastic terms.

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