Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807)

An agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain that permitted French troops to cross Spain to invade Portugal, while providing for Portugal’s partition.

Peninsular War: A war fought in the Iberian Peninsula from 1807 to 1814 against Napoleonic France. French forces remained in Spain after the promised passage through the country.
Partition of Portugal: A proposed division of Portugal into territories assigned to France, Spain, and a client ruler. The treaty’s secret provisions planned Portugal’s division after its invasion.
Napoleon: French military and political leader who ruled as emperor from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. He used the agreement to extend French military control into the Iberian Peninsula.
Portugal in the Napoleonic Wars: Portugal’s military and political struggle during the French invasions and wider Napoleonic conflict. Portugal’s alliance with Britain made it the target of the treaty’s invasion plan.
Dos de Mayo Uprising: A popular uprising against French occupation in Madrid on 2 May 1808. It marked the outbreak of open revolt against the French presence enabled by the treaty.
Junot’s invasion of Portugal: The 1807 French military campaign that occupied Portugal under General Jean-Andoche Junot. Junot’s army used the passage through Spain authorized by the agreement.
Manuel Godoy: Spanish statesman and chief minister who governed under Charles IV during the treaty’s negotiation. He supported the alliance with France and signed the agreement for Spain.
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: A long-standing diplomatic and military alliance between England or Britain and Portugal. Portugal’s ties to Britain prevented it from complying with Napoleon’s demands.
Abdications of Bayonne: The 1808 forced renunciations of the Spanish crown by Charles IV and Ferdinand VII in favor of Napoleon. French military leverage in Spain culminated in Napoleon’s seizure of the Spanish dynasty.
Treaty of San Ildefonso (1796): An alliance treaty in which Spain and France agreed to cooperate against Britain. The earlier alliance formed the diplomatic basis for Franco-Spanish military cooperation.

Linked from 11 pages