Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)

The April 1814 agreement that ended Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule in France, provided for his abdication, and granted him sovereignty over Elba.

Napoleon’s abdication of 1814: Napoleon Bonaparte’s renunciation of the French imperial throne in April 1814. The treaty formalized this renunciation after Napoleon first abdicated conditionally.
Sixth Coalition: The alliance that defeated Napoleon in the War of the Sixth Coalition, including Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Its armies occupied Paris and pressured Napoleon’s government into collapse.
Hundred Days: The period of Napoleon’s return to power in France from his escape from Elba in 1815 until his second abdication. Napoleon’s return ended the exile arranged by the treaty.
Napoleon Bonaparte: French military and political leader who ruled as emperor from 1804 until his first abdication in 1814. His fate and sovereignty over Elba were the agreement’s central subjects.
Principality of Elba: The small Mediterranean state ruled by Napoleon from 1814 until his return to France in 1815. The agreement made Elba Napoleon’s sovereign domain and place of exile.
Battle of Paris (1814): The March 1814 battle in which Coalition forces captured Paris from French defenders. The capital’s fall sharply weakened Napoleon’s position before the treaty was negotiated.
Battle of Waterloo: The June 1815 battle in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by an allied army led by Wellington and Blücher. It ended Napoleon’s restored rule after he left Elba.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: French diplomat who led the provisional government after Napoleon’s fall and supported the Bourbon restoration. He helped secure political acceptance in France for the post-abdication settlement.
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762): A treaty in which France ceded Louisiana to Spain during the Seven Years’ War. This earlier treaty shares the name but has no connection to Napoleon’s abdication.
Senate of France (First Empire): The legislative body of Napoleon’s First French Empire, which helped establish the provisional government in 1814. The Senate declared Napoleon deposed and supported a Bourbon restoration.

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