Knowra Treaty of Karlowitz Treaty of Karlowitz The 1699 settlement that ended the Great Turkish War and transferred substantial Ottoman territory to the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, and Venice.
Habsburg monarchy : A Central European dynasty whose composite monarchy ruled Austria and other territories for centuries. The settlement gave the Habsburgs most of Ottoman Hungary and Transylvania.
Great Turkish War : A war from 1683 to 1699 between the Ottoman Empire and a shifting European coalition led by the Habsburgs. Karlowitz ended this conflict after the Ottomans’ military reversals.
Karlowitz : A town in Syrmia, now Sremski Karlovci in Serbia, where peace negotiations took place in 1698–1699. Its name identifies the conference site and the resulting treaties.
Treaty of Vasvár : A 1664 peace between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire that ended the Austro-Turkish War of 1663–1664. Unlike Karlowitz, it largely preserved the prewar territorial balance despite a Habsburg battlefield victory.
Ottoman Hungary : The lands in Hungary governed by the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century until their reconquest. The treaty transferred most of this territory to Habsburg rule.
Siege of Vienna (1683) : The Ottoman Empire’s unsuccessful siege of Vienna in 1683, ended by a relief army led by John III Sobieski. Its failure began the campaign that ultimately produced the Karlowitz settlement.
Peace congress : A diplomatic gathering in which representatives negotiate and conclude settlements among states. Karlowitz was negotiated through a multilateral congress rather than a single bilateral meeting.
Treaty of Passarowitz : A 1718 peace between the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg monarchy, and Venice that ended the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718. It followed Karlowitz and transferred further Ottoman territory to the Habsburgs.
Transylvania : A historic region in central Romania, long contested by Hungarian, Habsburg, and Ottoman powers. The settlement recognized Habsburg control over this former Ottoman vassal principality.
Holy League (1684) : An alliance formed in 1684 by the Habsburg monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, and Venice against the Ottoman Empire. Its members fought the war whose territorial terms were settled at Karlowitz.
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