Treaty of Lunéville

The 1801 peace treaty between France and Austria that ended the War of the Second Coalition and confirmed French control over territories west of the Rhine.

War of the Second Coalition: A European conflict from 1798 to 1802 in which France fought Austria, Russia, Britain, and other powers. Austria signed at Lunéville after its military position in this coalition deteriorated.
Treaty of Campo Formio: A 1797 treaty in which France and Austria ended the War of the First Coalition and rearranged territories in Italy and the Low Countries. Lunéville reaffirmed and extended this earlier settlement between the same powers.
German mediatization: The early nineteenth-century consolidation of hundreds of German states into fewer, larger territories. Lunéville's compensation terms helped launch this sweeping territorial reorganization.
Treaty of Amiens: A 1802 agreement between France and Britain that temporarily ended their hostilities. Unlike Lunéville, it settled the conflict between France and Britain, not France and Austria.
Battle of Marengo: A 1800 battle in northern Italy in which Napoleon's forces defeated an Austrian army. The victory strengthened France's position before Austria accepted peace.
Rhine: A major European river flowing from the Swiss Alps through Germany and the Netherlands to the North Sea. The treaty recognized French control of lands west of this river.
Confederation of the Rhine: A French-backed association of German states formed in 1806 after they left the Holy Roman Empire. The imperial restructuring that followed Lunéville preceded this French-aligned confederation.
Treaty of Pressburg: A 1805 peace treaty in which Austria ceded territory to Napoleon after defeat at Austerlitz. It shows how Austria's later defeat produced harsher terms than the 1801 settlement.
Battle of Hohenlinden: A 1800 French victory over Austrian forces near Munich, led by Jean Victor Moreau. Its defeat of an Austrian army helped bring Vienna to negotiate at Lunéville.
Secularization of ecclesiastical states: The transfer of church-owned territories and political rights to secular rulers. The treaty's settlement required German compensation for rulers displaced west of the Rhine.

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