Treaty of Mangalore

The 1784 treaty that ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War and restored conquered territories to the East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore.

Second Anglo-Mysore War: A war fought from 1780 to 1784 between the Kingdom of Mysore and the East India Company, with its Indian allies. Its conclusion created the military and diplomatic conditions for the treaty.
Status quo ante bellum: A settlement principle that restores conditions to those existing before a war. The treaty’s territorial provisions largely returned both sides to prewar positions.
Lord Macartney: A British diplomat and governor of Madras from 1781 to 1785. He represented the Madras government in negotiations with Mysore.
Third Anglo-Mysore War: The 1790–1792 war between Mysore and a coalition led by the East India Company. The peace lasted only six years before a new war renewed the conflict.
Kingdom of Mysore: A South Indian kingdom that became a major power under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan. Mysore negotiated the settlement as the Company’s principal opponent.
Prisoner exchange: An arrangement in which opposing sides release or exchange captured combatants. The settlement required the return of prisoners held by each side.
John Sullivan (British official): A British East India Company official who served as a negotiator with Mysore. He was among the Company representatives involved in the Mangalore negotiations.
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The 1799 war in which the East India Company and its allies defeated Mysore and killed Tipu Sultan. It ended the rivalry that the Treaty of Mangalore had temporarily suspended.
East India Company: An English joint-stock company that built a territorial empire in South Asia. The Company signed the treaty after failing to secure a decisive victory.
Territorial restitution: The return of territory seized during a conflict to its previous holder. Restoration of conquered possessions formed the treaty’s central territorial bargain.

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Hyder AliBroader topic: Tipu Sultan concluded the war Hyder Ali had begun, securing a negotiated end to the conflict.