Treaty of Paris (1951)

The 1951 Treaty of Paris established the European Coal and Steel Community, placing French and West German coal and steel production under a shared supranational authority.

European Coal and Steel Community: A 1952–2002 European organization that placed coal and steel production in member states under shared institutions. The treaty created this community and defined its common market and institutions.
Schuman Declaration: A 1950 proposal by French foreign minister Robert Schuman for pooling French and West German coal and steel production. It publicly launched the plan that negotiations turned into the treaty.
Paul-Henri Spaak: A Belgian statesman who supported European integration and helped shape its early institutions. Spaak represented Belgium in the negotiations that produced the treaty.
Treaty of Rome: The 1957 treaties that established the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. They extended integration beyond the coal and steel sectors governed by the 1951 treaty.
European Defence Community: A proposed European military organization established by a 1952 treaty but never brought into force. Unlike the ECSC, this attempt to pool authority over national forces failed ratification.
High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community: The ECSC’s executive body, empowered to make binding decisions within the treaty’s scope. It exercised the supranational authority the treaty assigned to the community.
Jean Monnet: A French planner and statesman who helped design postwar European economic cooperation. Monnet’s proposal supplied the institutional idea behind the Schuman Declaration and treaty.
Alcide De Gasperi: An Italian statesman and prime minister who supported European cooperation after the Second World War. De Gasperi’s government joined the negotiations and signed the treaty for Italy.
Merger Treaty: The 1965 treaty that combined the executive institutions of the European Communities. It brought the ECSC’s institutions together with those of the later communities.
European Political Community: A proposed political federation intended to accompany the European Defence Community, abandoned after its failure. Its broad constitutional ambition contrasted with the ECSC’s defined industrial remit.

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