Treaty of Riga

The 1921 peace treaty between Poland and Soviet Russia that ended the Polish–Soviet War and established their eastern border, dividing disputed territories between them.

Polish–Soviet War: An armed conflict between Poland and Soviet Russia fought from 1919 to 1921 over borders and political influence in Eastern Europe. Its military outcome compelled both governments to settle their conflict.
Riga negotiations: The 1920–1921 peace talks between Polish and Soviet delegations held in Riga, Latvia. These talks produced the terms signed in March 1921.
Kresy: The eastern borderlands of the Polish state, especially territories incorporated into interwar Poland after the Treaty of Riga. The treaty placed these multiethnic eastern lands within Poland.
Interwar period: The historical period between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in 1939. The treaty helped shape the state system and borders of this era.
Battle of Warsaw: A decisive 1920 battle in which Polish forces halted and pushed back the Red Army near Warsaw. Poland's victory strengthened its position before peace negotiations.
Polish–Soviet border: The boundary established by the 1921 Treaty of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia. The treaty's central territorial provision fixed this frontier.
Second Polish Republic: The Polish state that existed from 1918 until the German and Soviet invasions in 1939. Riga defined the eastern frontier of this interwar republic.
Polish–Lithuanian relations: The political and diplomatic relationship between Poland and Lithuania, shaped by territorial disputes and competing national claims. Lithuania rejected the Riga settlement's handling of Vilnius, which Poland controlled.
Treaty of Versailles: The 1919 peace treaty that formally ended the First World War between Germany and the Allied powers. Its unsettled eastern European borders formed part of the postwar setting for the conflict.
Population exchange: The organized movement of people between states or territories under an agreement or government policy. The treaty provided for people on the other side of the new border to return to their countries.

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