Treaty of Rome

The 1957 treaties signed in Rome established the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community, known as Euratom.

European Economic Community: A regional economic community established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome to create a common market among its member states. It was the treaty’s central economic project, built around removing barriers and coordinating policy.
Treaty of Paris: The 1951 treaty established the European Coal and Steel Community among six Western European countries. It supplied the institutional precedent for extending integration beyond coal and steel.
Treaty of Maastricht: The 1992 treaty founded the European Union and expanded integration into areas including foreign policy and monetary union. It transformed the communities built on the Treaty of Rome into a broader union.
European Defence Community: A proposed 1950s organization for a common European army that failed to win ratification. Its failure contrasts with the Rome treaties’ success in advancing integration through economic cooperation.
European Atomic Energy Community: An organization established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome to coordinate peaceful nuclear energy development among member states. The treaty established Euratom alongside the European Economic Community.
European Coal and Steel Community: A 1951 organization that placed members’ coal and steel industries under shared institutions and rules. Its early integration helped make a broader common market politically and institutionally possible.
Single European Act: The 1986 treaty revision set a deadline for completing the European single market and expanded qualified majority voting. It renewed the common-market project that the 1957 treaty had initiated.
Free trade area: A group of countries that removes internal trade barriers without adopting a common external tariff. The EEC aimed beyond this looser arrangement by building a customs union and common policies.
European Commission: The European Union’s executive institution, which proposes legislation and oversees implementation of EU law. The treaty created the Commission to advance common policies and supervise their implementation.
Messina Conference: A 1955 meeting of the six European Coal and Steel Community foreign ministers that advanced plans for further integration. Its proposals launched negotiations that produced the Treaty of Rome.

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