Treaty of Sèvres

The 1920 peace treaty imposed on the Ottoman Empire by the Allied powers sought to partition its territories and restrict its sovereignty. Turkish resistance prevented it from taking effect.

Turkish War of Independence: A war fought from 1919 to 1923 by Turkish nationalists against occupying and partitioning forces after World War I. Nationalist victories made the Treaty of Sèvres unenforceable.
Partition of the Ottoman Empire: The breakup of Ottoman rule into successor states and territories under Allied influence after World War I. Sèvres was the most explicit proposed partition settlement.
Paris Peace Conference: The 1919–1920 meeting of Allied powers that negotiated peace settlements after World War I. The Allies negotiated the Ottoman settlement within the conference’s wider postwar diplomacy.
Mehmed VI: The last Ottoman sultan, who ruled from 1918 until the abolition of the sultanate in 1922. His government authorized the Ottoman delegation that signed Sèvres.
Treaty of Lausanne: The 1923 treaty that established the international boundaries and sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey. It replaced Sèvres after the Turkish nationalist victory.
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon: The League of Nations mandate that placed Syria and Lebanon under French administration after World War I. Sèvres recognized the framework for French control over former Ottoman Arab lands.
Armistice of Mudros: The October 1918 armistice that ended hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies in World War I. Its terms enabled Allied occupation and preceded the treaty negotiations.
Damat Ferid Pasha: An Ottoman statesman who served several terms as grand vizier during the empire’s final years. He led the government that accepted the treaty’s terms.
Republic of Turkey: The sovereign state established in 1923 after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Its territory and sovereignty differed sharply from the settlement envisioned at Sèvres.
British Mandate for Palestine: The League of Nations mandate that placed Palestine under British administration from 1922 to 1948. The treaty assigned Britain responsibility for Palestine within the emerging mandate system.

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