Treaty of Shimonoseki

The 1895 treaty that ended the First Sino-Japanese War imposed territorial and financial concessions on Qing China and transferred Taiwan to Japan.

Taiwan under Japanese rule: The period from 1895 to 1945 when Taiwan was governed by the Empire of Japan. The treaty began Japanese colonial rule over Taiwan, transforming the island’s administration and society.
First Sino-Japanese War: The 1894–1895 war between Qing China and Japan over influence in Korea. Japan’s victories in this war forced the Qing government to negotiate the treaty.
Korean peasant revolution of 1894: A major uprising in Korea that prompted the Korean government to request military assistance from China. The intervention it prompted brought Chinese and Japanese forces into direct confrontation.
Treaty of Portsmouth: The 1905 treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War and settled competing interests in Korea and Manchuria. It confirmed Japan’s regional power a decade after the Shimonoseki settlement began its expansion.
Triple Intervention: A 1895 intervention by Russia, Germany, and France that pressured Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China. It reversed one major territorial gain in the treaty and exposed Japan’s vulnerability to European powers.
Treaty of Tianjin (1885): An agreement between China and Japan that required both countries to withdraw troops from Korea and notify each other before sending forces there. Its limits on intervention in Korea broke down before the war that the treaty concluded.
Tonghak movement: A Korean religious and social movement whose followers took part in the 1894 peasant uprising. The movement’s uprising set off the crisis that drew foreign troops into Korea.
Treaty of Taipei: The 1952 agreement between Japan and the Republic of China that formally ended their state of war. It addressed the postwar status of Taiwan, whose transfer to Japan had originated in the 1895 treaty.
Russo-Japanese War: The 1904–1905 war between Russia and Japan over influence in Korea and Manchuria. Japan’s resentment of the Triple Intervention contributed to rivalry with Russia that later erupted into war.
Shimonoseki: A Japanese port city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, facing the Strait of Kanmon. The treaty takes its name from the city where Qing and Japanese representatives negotiated and signed it.

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