Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

The 1990 agreement among East Germany, West Germany, the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France that settled Germany’s international status and enabled reunification.

German reunification: The 1990 process that ended Germany’s division and restored a single German state. The treaty supplied the international settlement that made reunification possible.
German question: The recurring diplomatic problem of Germany’s political unity, borders, and place in Europe. The treaty settled the international dimensions of this long-running problem.
Helmut Kohl: West German chancellor from 1982 to 1998 and a leading advocate of German reunification. He led the West German government through reunification and the treaty negotiations.
Treaty of Warsaw: The 1970 treaty in which West Germany and Poland normalized relations and recognized the existing border as inviolable. The 1990 settlement confirmed the border commitment in a definitive international framework.
Oder–Neisse line: The border between Germany and Poland established along the Oder and Neisse rivers after World War II. Germany’s acceptance of this border settled a central territorial question.
Potsdam Agreement: The 1945 agreement by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union on postwar administration of Germany. Its postwar arrangements formed part of the unsettled background the 1990 treaty addressed.
Hans-Dietrich Genscher: West German foreign minister from 1974 to 1992 and a central diplomat in the reunification process. He represented West Germany in the negotiations that secured the settlement.
Polish–German border treaty: The 1990 treaty between Germany and Poland that confirmed their shared border. Germany fulfilled its commitment to confirm the Oder–Neisse border in a separate bilateral treaty.
Two Plus Four Agreement: The common short name for the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. This widely used name identifies the treaty by its negotiating format.
Allied-occupied Germany: Germany’s division into occupation zones administered by the four Allied powers after World War II. The four powers’ authority over Germany originated in this occupation regime.

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