Knowra Tretinoin Tretinoin Tretinoin, or all-trans retinoic acid, is a vitamin A derivative that alters gene expression through retinoic acid receptors. It is used topically for acne and photoaging and orally for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Retinoic acid receptor : A nuclear receptor activated by retinoic acid that regulates gene transcription, usually with retinoid X receptor. Tretinoin binds these receptors to change transcription in target cells.
Acne vulgaris : A chronic inflammatory disorder of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, producing comedones, papules, pustules, or nodules. Topical tretinoin is used especially to prevent and treat comedonal lesions.
Adapalene : A synthetic topical retinoid used chiefly to treat acne, with greater chemical stability than tretinoin. It is a common acne alternative, often less irritating and more stable in light.
Teratogenicity : The capacity of an exposure to disrupt embryonic or fetal development and cause birth defects. Systemic retinoid exposure can harm fetal development, making pregnancy precautions essential.
Retinoid X receptor : A nuclear receptor that forms regulatory partnerships with several other nuclear receptors, including retinoic acid receptors. It partners with retinoic acid receptors in the gene-regulatory complexes tretinoin activates.
Photoaging : Premature skin aging caused by chronic ultraviolet exposure, including wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, and rough texture. Topical tretinoin can improve several visible signs of photodamage.
Tazarotene : A topical retinoid prodrug used for acne, plaque psoriasis, and photoaging. It treats overlapping skin conditions but has different receptor selectivity and tolerability.
Retinoid dermatitis : Skin irritation caused by topical retinoids, commonly including redness, dryness, peeling, and burning. It is a frequent local adverse effect, especially early in topical tretinoin treatment.
Keratinization : The process by which epidermal cells produce keratin and mature into the outer skin barrier. Tretinoin normalizes abnormal follicular keratinization that contributes to acne comedones.
PML::RARA : A fusion protein created by the chromosome 15 and 17 translocation characteristic of most acute promyelocytic leukemia. Tretinoin helps overcome the differentiation block caused by this fusion protein.
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