Troy

Troy was an ancient city in northwestern Anatolia, near the southern entrance of the Dardanelles. Its archaeological remains span multiple settlements built on the same site.

Hisarlik: A mound in northwestern Turkey containing the archaeological remains identified as ancient Troy. Excavations at Hisarlik exposed the successive settlements that make up Troy.
Heinrich Schliemann: A German businessman and archaeologist whose excavations at Hisarlik helped establish the site as ancient Troy. His nineteenth-century excavations brought the buried city to wider attention, though his methods destroyed archaeological layers.
Trojan War: A legendary conflict between Greeks and Trojans, most fully depicted in ancient Greek epic poetry. The war tradition is the story most commonly attached to the city, but its historicity remains disputed.
Wilusa: A place named in Hittite texts, widely identified by scholars with the region of Troy. The proposed identification connects Troy’s location with Bronze Age diplomatic records.
Troy VIIa: A settlement layer at Hisarlik, occupied in the Late Bronze Age and destroyed around the end of the second millennium BCE. Its destruction and defensive features have made it a candidate for the city behind the Trojan War tradition.
Frank Calvert: An English expatriate and amateur archaeologist who argued that Hisarlik was the site of ancient Troy. Calvert’s identification of Hisarlik preceded Schliemann’s excavations and shaped their location.
Trojan Horse: A wooden horse in Greek legend used to conceal Greek warriors and bring about Troy’s fall. The tale transformed Troy’s destruction into one of antiquity’s most enduring stories of deception.
Hittite Empire: A powerful Bronze Age state centered in Anatolia that interacted with kingdoms across the eastern Mediterranean. Hittite texts provide a regional political context for Troy during the Late Bronze Age.
Troy VI: A prosperous Bronze Age settlement at Hisarlik, notable for monumental fortifications and substantial buildings. Its imposing walls illustrate Troy’s prominence before the settlement’s destruction.
Homer: The ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with composing the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad made Troy a lasting subject of Greek poetry and later historical inquiry.

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