Trypanosoma

Trypanosoma is a genus of single-celled parasitic eukaryotes transmitted mainly by blood-feeding invertebrates. Its species include the causes of African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.

Trypanosoma brucei: A parasitic species that causes African trypanosomiasis, including sleeping sickness in humans. It causes sleeping sickness and changes surface proteins to evade host antibodies.
African trypanosomiasis: A disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites and transmitted by tsetse flies. It is the human disease associated with Trypanosoma brucei.
Eukaryote: An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Trypanosomes have nuclei and organelles, including a single mitochondrion.
Leishmania: A genus of kinetoplastid parasites that causes leishmaniasis and is transmitted by sand flies. It is a related kinetoplastid genus with a different disease profile and vector.
Trypanosoma cruzi: A parasitic species that causes Chagas disease in humans and other mammals. It causes Chagas disease and can multiply inside host cells.
Chagas disease: A disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, often transmitted by triatomine insects. It is the principal human disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
Kinetoplastida: A group of flagellated protists distinguished by a kinetoplast in their mitochondrion. Trypanosoma belongs to this group of kinetoplast-bearing organisms.
Plasmodium: A genus of apicomplexan parasites that causes malaria and is transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes another major vector-borne parasitic disease but belongs to a different lineage.
Antigenic variation: A pathogen's alteration of its surface antigens over time, enabling escape from immune recognition. Trypanosoma brucei repeatedly switches its variant surface glycoprotein to evade antibodies.
Tsetse fly: A blood-feeding African fly in the genus Glossina that can transmit trypanosomes. Its bite transmits Trypanosoma brucei to humans and other mammals.

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