Tsetse fly

A blood-feeding fly in the African genus Glossina. Tsetse flies transmit trypanosome parasites that cause human sleeping sickness and animal diseases.

Trypanosoma brucei: A protozoan parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. This species develops inside tsetse flies and causes human sleeping sickness.
African trypanosomiasis: A group of diseases caused by African trypanosomes in humans and other mammals. Tsetse transmission makes this disease group a central target of surveillance and control.
Glossina: A genus of blood-feeding flies native to sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse fly names and species belong to this genus.
Nagana: Animal African trypanosomiasis, a disease of livestock and wildlife caused by trypanosome parasites. Livestock disease linked to tsetse constrains animal husbandry in affected areas.
Mosquito: A slender, long-legged insect whose females of many species feed on blood and transmit pathogens. Mosquitoes also transmit blood-borne pathogens, but belong to a different insect lineage and transmit different parasites.
Salivarian transmission: Parasite transmission in which an infected blood-feeding insect delivers pathogens through its saliva. Tsetse flies inject trypanosomes in saliva while taking a blood meal.
Sleeping sickness: Human African trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease that can affect the nervous system and disrupt sleep. Tsetse flies transmit the parasites responsible for this human disease.
Hippoboscoidea: A superfamily of flies that includes tsetse flies, louse flies, and bat flies. This broader fly lineage places Glossina among other blood-feeding relatives.
Human African trypanosomiasis control: Public-health measures for detecting, treating, and preventing human African trypanosomiasis. Reducing tsetse exposure complements diagnosis and treatment of infected people.
Sand fly: A small biting fly whose species transmit pathogens including Leishmania parasites. Sand flies transmit protozoan disease too, but are not the vector for African trypanosomes.

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