Tunisia
Tunisia is a North African country on the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Algeria and Libya. Its capital is Tunis.
Carthage: An ancient Phoenician city-state in present-day Tunisia that became a major western Mediterranean power. Its ruins preserve the legacy of Tunisia’s most famous ancient civilization.
Politics of Tunisia: The institutions, parties, and political processes through which Tunisia is governed. Its constitutional system and political changes shape national life.
Habib Bourguiba: Tunisia’s first president, who led the independence movement and governed from 1957 to 1987. His presidency shaped the post-independence state and its secular legal reforms.
Tunis: Tunisia’s capital and largest city, situated near the Mediterranean coast. Its medina, institutions, and suburbs concentrate much of the country’s political and cultural life.
Tunisian Revolution: The 2010–2011 uprising in Tunisia that ended Zine El Abidine Ben Ali’s rule. It transformed the country’s political order and inspired uprisings elsewhere in the Arab world.
Roman Africa: A Roman province in North Africa, centered on parts of present-day Tunisia and neighboring regions. Roman rule reshaped the region after Carthage’s defeat and left extensive archaeological remains.
Geography of Tunisia: The physical geography of Tunisia, from Mediterranean coast and northern mountains to central steppe and Saharan south. The country’s sharp north–south contrasts influence settlement, agriculture, and infrastructure.
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali: Tunisia’s president from 1987 to 2011, whose authoritarian rule ended during the revolution. His ouster marked a decisive break in Tunisia’s modern political history.
Medina of Tunis: The historic walled center of Tunis, known for its dense urban fabric, mosques, markets, and monuments. It displays the architectural and commercial heritage of Tunisia’s capital.
Arab Spring: A wave of protests and political upheavals across the Arab world beginning in 2010 and 2011. Tunisia’s uprising was the first major revolt in this regional wave.