Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum

A museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, occupying the former S-21 prison. It preserves evidence of the Khmer Rouge’s imprisonment, torture, and killing of thousands during its rule.

S-21: The Khmer Rouge security prison in Phnom Penh, also known as Tuol Sleng, where prisoners were interrogated and held. The museum preserves the site and records of this prison.
Interrogation at S-21: The coercive questioning of prisoners at S-21, often involving torture and forced confessions. Interrogation records reveal how the prison extracted confessions and names.
Duch (Kaing Guek Eav): The Khmer Rouge official who directed S-21 and later became the first senior leader tried by the Khmer Rouge tribunal. His command connected the prison’s daily operations to the regime’s leadership.
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia: The Cambodian court, supported by the United Nations, that tried senior Khmer Rouge leaders and those most responsible for crimes. Evidence from S-21 informed prosecutions, including the case against Duch.
Killing Fields: A common name for Cambodian sites where the Khmer Rouge executed and buried large numbers of people. Unlike execution and burial sites, Tuol Sleng preserves a detention and interrogation center.
Khmer Rouge: The Communist movement that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 and carried out mass killings and forced social transformation. Its government established and operated S-21.
Khmer Rouge prison system: The network of Khmer Rouge detention and interrogation sites used to punish alleged enemies. S-21 was its central security prison and a model for its methods.
Vann Nath: A Cambodian painter who survived imprisonment at S-21 and later depicted its violence in paintings and testimony. His survival and art became central to public memory of the prison.
Cambodian genocide: The mass death and persecution in Cambodia under Khmer Rouge rule from 1975 to 1979. The prison was one institution within the wider campaign of violence.
Choeung Ek Genocidal Center: A memorial and museum at a former Khmer Rouge execution site and mass grave near Phnom Penh. It commemorates the victims killed after many were transported from S-21.

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