Turbine

A rotary machine that extracts energy from a moving fluid and converts it into mechanical work. Turbines operate with fluids such as steam, hot gas, water, or air.

Turbomachinery: Machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a moving fluid. Turbines are the work-producing branch of this broader family of machines.
Fluid mechanics: The study of how liquids and gases move and exert forces. Turbine design depends on predicting flow, pressure, and forces on blades.
Steam turbine: A turbine that expands high-pressure steam to produce shaft power. Steam turbines convert heat-cycle energy into electricity in many power stations.
Centrifugal pump: A machine that uses a rotating impeller to increase the pressure and flow of a liquid. A pump adds mechanical energy to fluid, the reverse of a turbine's usual role.
Hero's aeolipile: An ancient device attributed to Hero of Alexandria in which escaping steam spins a sphere. It demonstrates early rotary motion from steam, though it was not a practical power turbine.
Turbine blade: A shaped airfoil or bucket that exchanges momentum with fluid in a turbine. Blade shape and arrangement govern how efficiently the rotor extracts fluid energy.
Thermodynamics: The study of heat, work, energy, and the properties of matter. Steam and gas turbines convert changes in fluid energy into shaft work.
Gas turbine: A rotary engine that compresses air, burns fuel, and expands hot gas through a turbine. It uses a turbine both to drive its compressor and deliver useful power or thrust.
Centrifugal compressor: A compressor that raises gas pressure by accelerating it radially with a rotating impeller. It consumes shaft work to energize gas instead of extracting work from it.
Benoît Fourneyron: A French engineer who developed a successful inward-flow water turbine in the 1820s. His design helped establish the hydraulic turbine as a practical power machine.

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