Turkish Airlines

Turkish Airlines is Turkey’s flag carrier, operating domestic and international passenger and cargo flights from Istanbul.

Istanbul Airport: Istanbul’s main international airport and a major hub for passenger and cargo aviation. Turkish Airlines moved its primary hub here in 2019.
State Airlines Administration: The Turkish state aviation organization established in 1933 as the predecessor of Turkish Airlines. It began the state-run airline operation that became Turkish Airlines.
Pegasus Airlines: A Turkish low-cost airline based in Istanbul that operates domestic and international passenger flights. Its low-cost model contrasts with Turkish Airlines’ broader full-service network.
Aviation hub: An airport or city where airlines concentrate flights to connect passengers and cargo between routes. Turkish Airlines’ Istanbul-centered schedule makes the city a major transfer point.
Star Alliance: A global airline alliance whose members coordinate routes, services, and frequent-flyer benefits. Turkish Airlines joined the alliance in 2008, extending connections beyond its own network.
Istanbul: Turkey’s largest city, spanning the Bosporus and linking Europe with Asia. The city has served as Turkish Airlines’ principal hub and geographic crossroads.
SunExpress: A Turkish leisure airline jointly owned by Turkish Airlines and Lufthansa. It focuses more heavily on holiday routes than its parent shareholder’s global hub network.
Air transport in Turkey: The passenger and cargo aviation system serving destinations within and beyond Turkey. The carrier is a major part of the country’s scheduled airline network.
Turkish Cargo: The air-freight division of Turkish Airlines, serving destinations through dedicated freighters and passenger aircraft. It operates the airline’s cargo business as a distinct service.
Turkish Airlines Flight 981: A Turkish Airlines DC-10 flight that crashed near Paris in 1974, killing all 346 people aboard. The disaster prompted major scrutiny of the airline and international aircraft safety.

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Hub-and-spoke networkBroader topic: Istanbul serves as a geographic bridge in its connecting network.