Turkish literature

Turkish literature is the body of oral and written works composed primarily in Turkish, from early Turkic poetry through Ottoman writing to modern literature.

Old Turkic literature: The earliest surviving Turkic literary works, including runic inscriptions and religious texts composed before the eleventh century. Its inscriptions and poems preserve the tradition’s earliest written record.
Turkish language: A Turkic language spoken mainly in Turkey and by communities across several regions. Its historical forms and reforms shaped what Turkish literature could express and whom it could reach.
Kutadgu Bilig: An eleventh-century Turkic work of advice and political philosophy composed by Yusuf Khass Hajib. It is an early literary monument that joins ethical instruction with political thought.
Yunus Emre: A thirteenth-century Turkish Sufi poet whose devotional poems are known for their accessible language. His poems helped establish Turkish as a language of spiritual expression.
Tanzimat: A nineteenth-century Ottoman reform era that reorganized state institutions and encouraged new forms of public life. Its reforms fostered journalism, translation, and new literary genres.
Oral literature of the Turkic peoples: Narratives, songs, and poetry transmitted orally among Turkic-speaking communities. Epic and song traditions predate written Turkish literature and continue alongside it.
Ottoman Turkish alphabet: The modified Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish before the adoption of the Latin alphabet in Turkey. Its use separated much Ottoman writing from later readers educated in the Latin script.
Book of Dede Korkut: A medieval collection of Oghuz heroic tales preserved in prose and verse. Its episodes are among the best-known narrative works from the premodern Turkic tradition.
Fuzuli: A sixteenth-century poet who wrote in Azerbaijani Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, celebrated for lyric poetry. His work exemplifies the multilingual culture of classical Ottoman literature.
Turkish novel: A prose-fiction tradition that developed in Turkish from the late Ottoman period into the present. The novel became a central form for debating social change and individual life.

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