Turkish nationalism

Turkish nationalism promotes the unity, identity, and political interests of the Turkish nation. Its currents differ over whether nationhood rests on ethnicity, shared culture, language, or citizenship.

Young Turks: A political movement that sought to reform the Ottoman Empire and restored constitutional government in 1908. Their centralizing reforms helped make Turkish nationalism a governing project.
Nation: A community understood as sharing a collective identity, history, or political destiny. Turkish nationalism is one account of who belongs to a nation and why.
Pan-Turkism: A political movement advocating solidarity or unity among Turkic peoples. It reaches beyond Turkey’s borders, unlike state-centered forms of Turkish nationalism.
Turkish alphabet reform: The 1928 replacement of the Ottoman Arabic-based script with a Latin-based Turkish alphabet. The reform linked literacy and public life to a standardized national language.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: The founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led its early republican reforms. His government established a state-centered model of Turkish national identity.
Turanism: An ideology that imagines political or cultural unity among Turkic peoples across Eurasia. Its transnational vision shaped early nationalist debates beyond Anatolia.
Nationalism: An ideology that treats the nation as a primary source of political legitimacy and collective identity. It supplies the broader political framework for Turkish national projects.
Kurdish nationalism: A movement asserting Kurdish collective identity and seeking political recognition or self-determination. Its claims challenge versions of Turkish nationhood that require a singular national identity.
Turkish History Thesis: A state-sponsored account of history developed in the 1930s to emphasize the antiquity and influence of Turks. It shows how historical scholarship was used to ground national identity.
Enver Pasha: An Ottoman military officer and political leader associated with the Committee of Union and Progress. His pan-Turkist ambitions represent an expansive current within nationalist politics.

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