Ukrainian independence

Ukrainian independence is the establishment of Ukraine as a sovereign state in 1991, ending its status as a union republic of the Soviet Union.

Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine: A 1990 parliamentary declaration asserting Ukraine’s sovereignty and the priority of its laws. It established a legal and political basis for separating from Soviet authority.
Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine: The Ukrainian parliament’s 24 August 1991 resolution proclaiming Ukraine independent. This resolution formally established the independence later submitted to voters.
International recognition of Ukraine: The diplomatic acknowledgment of Ukraine as a sovereign state by other countries. Recognition followed the declaration and referendum, beginning with Poland and Canada on 2 December 1991.
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic: A constituent republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1919 to 1991. It was the Soviet-era political entity whose institutions and borders shaped the independent state.
Ukrainian language: An East Slavic language spoken chiefly in Ukraine and by Ukrainian communities worldwide. Language policy became one arena for defining national identity after independence.
Revolution on Granite: A 1990 student protest and hunger strike in Kyiv that pressed for political change in Soviet Ukraine. Its demands included refusing a new union treaty and holding multiparty elections.
1991 Ukrainian independence referendum: A 1 December 1991 referendum in which voters across Ukraine approved independence. The result confirmed independence by a majority in every region.
Constitution of Ukraine: The supreme law of Ukraine, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada in 1996. It gave the independent state a comprehensive constitutional framework.
Ukrainian People's Republic: A Ukrainian state proclaimed during the 1917–1921 revolutionary period. Its earlier, short-lived independence contrasts with the sovereign state established in 1991.
Ukrainian identity: A sense of belonging to the Ukrainian nation shaped by shared culture, history, and civic life. The independence vote expressed a broad civic choice across Ukraine’s diverse population.

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