Union Army

The Union Army was the land force that fought for the United States during the American Civil War, opposing the Confederate States Army.

United States Colored Troops: Regiments of Black soldiers who served in the Union Army during the Civil War. Their enlistment expanded Union manpower and made emancipation a direct military policy.
Overland Campaign: The 1864 series of battles in Virginia between Ulysses S. Grant's Union forces and Robert E. Lee's Confederates. It illustrates Grant's strategy of sustained pressure against Lee's army.
Ulysses S. Grant: The Union general who commanded Union armies from 1864 and later became president of the United States. Grant coordinated Union strategy and accepted Lee's surrender in 1865.
Emancipation Proclamation: Abraham Lincoln's 1863 order declaring enslaved people free in areas still in rebellion. It made destruction of slavery an explicit Union war aim and enabled broader Black enlistment.
Confederate States Army: The land forces of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. It was the Union Army's principal opponent and fought to preserve Confederate independence.
Union Army organization: The system of departments, armies, corps, divisions, and brigades used to organize Union forces. This hierarchy coordinated forces across distant theaters and changing campaigns.
Atlanta campaign: The 1864 Union military campaign in Georgia that captured Atlanta under William Tecumseh Sherman. Its success damaged Confederate logistics and helped secure Lincoln's reelection.
Abraham Lincoln: The 16th president of the United States, who led the Union government during the Civil War. Lincoln appointed generals, set war aims, and authorized emancipation.
Thirteenth Amendment: The constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery in the United States. Union military victory made ratification possible and secured emancipation in law.
Confederate States of America: The breakaway government formed by Southern states that seceded from the United States in 1860 and 1861. Its secession defined the political conflict the Union Army was sent to suppress.

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