Unitarianism

Unitarianism is a religious tradition of Christian origin that rejects the doctrine of the Trinity and affirms God’s unity as one person. Its communities have varied widely in theology and practice.

Nontrinitarianism: Christian beliefs that reject the doctrine of the Trinity. Unitarianism is one historical tradition within the broader family of nontrinitarian Christian beliefs.
Trinity: The Christian doctrine that God is one being in three distinct persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Rejecting this doctrine is the defining theological boundary of Unitarianism.
Fausto Sozzini: An Italian theologian whose teachings became foundational for Socinianism. His writings systematized anti-Trinitarian arguments influential in later Unitarian thought.
Trinitarianism: Christian belief that God is one being existing eternally as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It states the central doctrine Unitarianism rejects.
Edict of Torda: A 1568 decree in Transylvania that granted limited legal recognition to several Christian denominations. It provided an unusual framework for the public practice of Unitarian faith.
Socinianism: A Reformation-era Christian movement that rejected the Trinity and emphasized rational interpretation of scripture. Socinian ideas shaped later European Unitarian theology, especially in Poland and Transylvania.
Arianism: An early Christian theological position that held the Son subordinate to the Father and not coeternal with God. Its disputes over Christ’s status resemble questions that later Unitarian thinkers revisited.
Francis David: A sixteenth-century Transylvanian preacher and the first bishop of the Transylvanian Unitarian Church. He helped establish Unitarianism in Transylvania and defended freedom of religious conscience.
Universalism: The theological belief that all people will ultimately attain salvation or reconciliation with God. It is distinct from Unitarian doctrine, though American Universalist churches later merged with Unitarians.
Religious toleration: The acceptance or legal protection of religious beliefs and practices different from those of a ruling authority. Unitarian minorities often relied on arguments for toleration to worship and organize openly.

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